Emission Sources
Existing Federal Regulations
Existing State Regulations
Future State Commitments
Potentially Affected Facilities
Trucks & Buses (Medium and Heavy-Duty On-Road)
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Construction Equipment
Light-Duty Vehicles (Cars, SUVs, Light-Duty Trucks, etc.)
Warehouses, Airports, New or Redevelopments
Cargo-Handling Equipment
Ports, Railyards
Transportation Refrigeration Units (TRUs)
N/A
Warehouses, Airports, Ports, Railyards
Ocean Going Vessels
Ports
Commercial Harbor Craft
Locomotives & Passenger Rail
Airports, Ports, Railyards
Ground Support Equipment (GSE)
Airports
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Trucks & Buses (Medium and Heavy-Duty On-Road Vehicles) Existing Federal Regulations
U.S. EPA's 2007 Heavy-Duty Highway Rule Starting with MY 2010, all new heavy-duty truck engines must meet 0.2 and 0.01 (g/bhp-hr) standards for NOX and PM, respectively.
U.S. EPA's Phase 1 Heavy-Duty Fuel Efficiency and GHG Standards Establishes fuel efficiency standards for nine subcategories of combination tractors.
U.S. EPA's Phase 2 Medium and Heavy-Duty Fuel Efficiency and GHG Standards Encourages development and deployment of new and advanced cost-effective technologies. Vehicle and engine performance standards cover model years 2018-2027 for certain trailers and model years 2021-2027 for semi-trucks.
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Trucks & Buses (Medium and Heavy-Duty On-Road Vehicles) Existing State Regulations
CARB's Statewide Truck and Bus Regulation Heavy-duty diesel vehicles must meet particulate matter (PM) filter requirements and upgrade to MY 2010 or newer engines with separate compliance schedules for lighter (14,001 to 26,000 GVWR) and heavier (>26,001 GVWR) trucks. By 2023, all vehicles require MY 2010 or cleaner engines.
CARB's Diesel-Fueled Commercial Motor Vehicle Idling Regulation Heavy-duty diesel truck operators (GVWR>10,000 lbs.) required to turn off engines after 5 minutes of idling. 2008 and newer MY engines with GVWR>14,000 lbs. required to be equipped with 5-minute automatic engine shutdown system.
CARB's Heavy-Duty Vehicle Inspection Program Random roadside inspections can be made by CARB inspectors to verify diesel engines do not smoke excessively and are tamper free.
CARB's Periodic Smoke Inspection Program Requires owners of California based fleets of 2 or more diesel vehicles (GVWR > 14,000; GWVR >6,000 for 1998 and older MYs) to perform annual smoke opacity tests and maintain records.
CARB's Tractor-Trailer Greenhouse Gas Regulation Establishes phase in requirements for low-rolling resistance tires and aerodynamic devices (SmartWay certified).
CARB's Phase 1 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle GHG Emission Standards Establishes standards for new medium- and heavy-duty engines/vehicles sold in California. Matches U.S. EPA Phase 1 GHG standards.
CARB's Optional Lox-NOX Standards for Heavy-Duty Engines Three optional low-NOX emission standards (0.1, 0.05, 0.02 g/bhp-hr) established for HD engines and manufacturers can choose to certify to any of the optional standards. Provides CARB certification and on-board diagnostic (OBD) compliance flexibility for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles.
Trucks & Buses (Medium and Heavy-Duty On-Road Vehicles) Future State Commitments
Lower In-Use Emission Performance Level Ensures in-use heavy-duty vehicles continue to operate at their cleanest possible level. CARB staff would develop and propose new, supplemental actions to address in-use emissions and compliance, and to decrease engine deterioration. Proposed CARB Board Actions: 2017-2031 (multiple regulations/amendments expected) Implementation Schedule: 2018-2024
CARB's Low-NOx Engine Standard--California & Federal Action
Establishes low-NOx engine standards for new on-road heavy-duty engines used in medium and heavy-duty trucks (for gross vehicle weight rating (GVWR) over 8,500 pounds). A California-only low-NOx standard would apply to vehicles with new heavy-duty engines sold in California starting in 2023.
Federal low-NOx standards could apply to all new heavy-duty trucks sold nationwide starting in 2024 or later. This will ensure that all trucks traveling within California would eventually be equipped with an engine meeting the lower NOx standard. Federal action is critical to implement this emission standard, since emission reductions from a California-only ARB regulation would come mostly from Class 4-6 vehicles (as most Class 7 and 8 vehicles operating in California were originally purchased outside the State). U.S. EPA Rulemaking: 2019 CARB Rulemaking: 2019 Proposed CARB Board Meeting: 2019
CARB's Phase 2 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engine and Vehicle GHG Emission Standards
Develops a California Phase 2 standard for GHGs to harmonize with federal standards but may include more stringent requirements. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2017-2019 Implementation: 2018+
CARB's Innovative Clean Transit Continue to support near-term deployment of ZEV buses where feasible, secure binding commitments from State's transit providers for long-term vision to transition to ZEV technologies across all transit options, and partner with transit agencies to pilot innovative first and last mile solutions with zero emissions. Implementation: 2018-2040
CARB's Last Mile Delivery Requires applicable last-mile delivery fleets to purchase low-NOx engines if available and phase in zero-emission trucks. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2018 Implementation Schedule: 2020
CARB's Innovative Technology Certification Flexibility Encourages early deployment of the next generation of truck and bus technologies through defined, near-term ARB certification and OBD compliance flexibility for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. Implementation: 2017-2027
Incentive Funding to Achieve Further Emission Reductions from On-Road Heavy-Duty Vehicles Provides incentive funding to accelerate the penetration of near-zero and zero-emission engines beyond the rate of natural turnover achieved through implementation of the other proposed measures identified for on-road heavy-duty vehicles. This measure is specifically for the South Coast. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2016 and annually thereafter Implementation: 2016-2023
Further Deployment of Cleaner Technologies Identifies concepts that will further reduce NOx emissions. These concepts will include additional incentive funding and developing technologies to accelerate the penetration of near-zero and zero emission equipment beyond the rate of natural turnover achieved through implementation of the other proposed measures identified for on-road heavy-duty vehicles. This measure is specifically for the South Coast. Implementation: 2016-2031
CARB's Amended Heavy-Duty Inspection and Maintenance Program Proposed upgrades to the existing heavy-duty vehicle inspection and maintenance (I&M) program would incorporate newer test methods to monitor advanced control technologies and require truck owners to take corrective actions for necessary repairs. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2020
Construction Equipment Existing Federal Regulations
U.S. EPA's Non-Road Diesel New Engine and Fuel Standards Requires the manufacture of Tier 4 engines (2015) and only the use of Ultra Low Sulphur Diesel Fuel for non-road engines.
U.S. EPA's Non-Road Large Spark-Ignition New Engine Standards Regulates engines over 19kW (25 horsepower) which can operate on propane, gasoline, or natural gas.
U.S. EPA's Non-Road Small Spark-Ignition Engine Standards Regulates engines under 19kW (25 horsepower).
Construction Equipment Existing State Regulations
CARB's In-Use Off-Road Diesel Rule Reduces NOX and PM emissions by imposing limits on idling, requiring reporting, restricting addition older vehicles, and requiring the retirement/replacement/repowering of older engines by fleet size category (small, medium, and large). Performance Requirements to meet fleet averages or comply with BACT are 2014 for Large Fleets, 2017 for medium fleets, and 2019 for smaller fleets.
CARB's Large Spark-Ignition (LSI) Rule Requires in-use fleets to achieve specific hydrocarbon (HC) + NOX fleet average emission level (FAEL) standards that become more stringent over time. Operators are required to label, maintain records, and report each piece of equipment subject to FAEL. The lowest FAEL for large and medium fleets with 25 horsepower or more (greater than 19 kilowatts for 2005 and later model year engines) was to be achieved in 2013. Beginning June 30, 2017, and until June 30, 2023, operators must maintain records, report, and label each piece of equipment subject to a FAEL standard.
Construction Equipment Future State Commitments
CARB's Zero-Emission Off-Road Forklift Regulation Phase 1 Accelerates the deployment of zero-emission forklifts with lift capacities ≤ 8,000 lbs. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2020 Implementation Schedule: 2023-2035
CARB's Zero-Emission Off-Road Emission Reduction Assessment Requires a technology assessment of the Phase 1 Forklift Regulation and identify opportunities to expand further use of zero-emission forklifts with lift capacities ≤ 8,000 lbs. Proposed CARB Board Hearing:2025
CARB's Small Off-Road Engines Reduces emissions from small engines (rated at or below 19 kilowatts) and increase penetration of zero-emission technology. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2018-2020 Implementation Schedule: 2022-2030
CARB's Further Deployment of Cleaner Technologies: Off-Road Equipment Specific to the SCAQMD region, this measure accelerates the penetration of near-zero and zero emission technologies and promotes in-use efficiency improvements at the worksite. Implementation Schedule:2016-2031
Light-Duty Vehicles (Cars, SUVs, Light-Duty Trucks, etc.) Existing Federal Standards
NHTSA's Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards Developed jointly with U.S. EPA to establish fuel economy standards for passenger cars and light trucks which will result in a combined fleet-wide fuel economy average of 40.3-41.0 mpg in model year 2021. Implementation Schedule: 2017-2021
Light-Duty Vehicles (Cars, SUVs, Light-Duty Trucks, etc.) Existing State Standards
CARB's Advanced Clean Cars Program Program developed with NHTSA and U.S. EPA to combine the control of smog-causing criteria pollutants and GHG emissions into a single coordinated set of requirements for model years 2015-2025. It is made up of two components:
Low-Emission Vehicle Program (LEV III)
More stringent emission standards for passenger cars, light-duty trucks, and SUVs adopted in 2012. All models must be LEV III certified in 2020. Implementation Period: 2015-2025
Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) Program
Requires manufacturers to produce an increasing number of pure ZEVs (battery electric and fuel cell electric vehicles), with provisions to also produce plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) in 2018 and 2025 model years.
In the 2016 ZEV Action Plan, Governor Brown directed state government to help accelerate the market for ZEVs in California and deploy 1.5 million ZEVs on the road by 2025. CARB's Mobile Source Strategy released in May 2016 calls for putting more than 4 million zero-emission vehicles on the road by 2030.
Light-Duty Vehicles (Cars, SUVs, Light-Duty Trucks, etc.) Future State Commitments
CARB's Advanced Clean Cars 2 Continuation of the Advanced Clean Cars Program to consider expansion of California-specific standards for new vehicles and to ensure ZEVs and near-zero technologies are commercially available. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2020-2021 Implementation Schedule: 2026-2030
CARB's Further Deployment of Cleaner Technologies: On-Road Light Duty Vehicles Specific to the SCAQMD region, promotes the acceleration of ZEVs and near-zero vehicles, promotes in-use efficiency gains through the use of autonomous vehicles and advanced transit systems. Implementation Schedule: 2016-2031
Cargo Handling Equipment Existing Federal Regulations
Cargo Handling Equipment Existing State Regulations
Cargo Handling Equipment Regulation Applicable to diesel-fueled equipment used to transfer goods or perform maintenance and repair activities at ports and intermodal rail yards (e.g., yard trucks, rubber-tired gantry cranes, top handlers, side handlers, forklifts, loaders, etc.) Requires use of cleanest technology for new and in-use equipment.
Cargo Handling Equipment Future State Commitments
TRUs Existing State Regulations
CARB's Transport Refrigeration Unit (TRU) Regulation Establishes a phased approach to reduce diesel particulate matter (PM) emissions from in-use TRUs and TRU generator set engines that operate in California.
TRUs Future State Commitments
CARB's TRUs for Cold Storage Advances near-zero and zero-emission technology commercialization by increasing the early penetration of hybrid electric and electric standby-equipped TRUs used for cold storage, and supporting the needed infrastructure developments.
Ocean Going Vessels Existing Int'l & Federal Regulations
International Maritime Organization (IMO) / U.S. EPA's Engine Standards NOx limits on Category 3 (>30 liters per cylinder displacement) marine engines. Tier III NOx standard for marine diesel engines installed on ships constructed after January 1, 2016.
IMO Fuel Standards--Sulfur Limits Limits marine fuel sulfur content of 0.1 percent for Emission Control Areas (ECA).
Ocean Going Vessels Existing State Regulations
CARB's ">At-Berth Regulation Requires container and reefer vessels with ≥ 25 visits, or passenger vessels with ≥ 5 visits, at a single regulated California seaport to plug into shore power at berth.
CARB's Marine Fuel Rule Requires use of cleaner fuels (marine gas oil or marine diesel oil at 0.1 percent sulfur) within 24 nautical miles of California coast.
CARB's On-Board Incineration Regulation Prohibits waste/garbage incineration within three nautical miles of California coast.
Ocean Going Vessels Future State Commitments
CARB's At-Berth Amendments Includes smaller fleets and/or additional vessel types in existing regulations. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2017-2018
Tier 4 Vessel Standards Encourages IMO and others to adopt more stringent emission standards for new OGVs and efficiency requirements for existing OGVs.
Incentivize Low-Emission Efficient Ship Visits Develops criteria for Super-Low Emission Efficient Ships and provides incentives to ships meeting this criteria based on available funds.
Commercial Harbor Craft Existing Federal Regulations
U.S. EPA's Emission Standards for Commercial Harbor Craft Applies to Category 1 and 2 diesel engines used for propulsion in most harbor craft. Tier 3 standards phased-in during 2009 and Tier 4 phased-in after 2014. Only applicable to marine diesel engines above 800 horsepower.
Commercial Harbor Craft Existing State Regulations
CARB's Commercial Harbor Craft Regulation Applicable to diesel propulsion and auxiliary engines on commercial harbor craft (ferries, tug boats, tow boats, etc.) Establishes requirements for: operation, new engine and new engines on newly built vessels and in-use engines.
Locomotives & Passenger Rail Existing Federal Regulations
U.S. EPA's Locomotive Emissions Regulations Three-part program to reduce emissions from diesel locomotives of all types including line-haul, switch, and passenger rail (Tier 4). Also establishes voluntary efforts to reduce idling emissions.
Locomotives & Passenger Rail Existing State Regulations
CARB's Statewide Rail Yard Agreement to reduce PM This agreement went into effect in 2005 and its most important elements include a statewide idling-reduction plan, health risk assessments for all major rail yards, and air district involvement in the enforcement of provisions.
CARB's South Coast Memorandum of Mutual Undertanding (MOU) As part of the 1995 State Implementation Plan (SIP), CARB developed an MOU with U.S. EPA and California Railroads for early introduction of clean units and to achieve Tier 2 standards in the SCAQMD region by 2010.
Locomotives & Passenger Rail Future State Commitments
CARB's More Stringent National Locomotive Emission Standards Petition Petition to U.S. EPA to promulgate by 2020, Tier 5 national emission standards and more stringent national standards for remanufactured locomotives. CARB petition to U.S. EPA: 2017 Proposed U.S. EPA Rulemaking Date: 2020 Implementation Schedule: 2023 for remanufactured locomotives, 2025 for newly manufactured locomotives
CARB's Further Deployment of Cleaner Technologies: Off-Road Federal and International Sources Increases the penetration of cleaner OGVs, locomotive, and air craft technologies and promotes efficiency improvements at the equipment, sector, and systems levels. Implementation Schedule: 2016-2031
Multi-Agency Sustainable Freight Action Plan As directed by Executive Order, the action plan will identify state policies, programs, and investments to establish clear targets to improve freight efficiency, transition to zero-emission technologies, and increase the competition of California's freight system.
GSE Future State Commitments
CARB's Zero-Emission GSE Increases penetration of the 1st wave of zero-emission heavy-duty technology by developing a regulation to transition from diesel and LSI. Proposed CARB Board Action: 2018 Implementation Schedule: 2023
CARB's Zero-Emission Airport Shuttle Buses Increases the penetration of the first wave of ZEV heavy-duty technology. Implementation Schedule: 2018-2023
CARB's Innovative Clean Transit Continue to support near-term deployment of ZEV buses where feasible, secure binding commitments from State's transit providers for long-term vision to transition to ZEV technologies across all transit options, and partner with transit agencies to pilot innovative first and last mile solutions with zero emissions. Implementation Schedule: 2018-2040
CARB's Further Deployment of Cleaner Technologies: On-Road Heavy Duty Specific to the SCAQMD region, this measure identifies concepts to further reduce NOX emissions through incentive funding and developing near-zero and zero emission technologies. Includes airport shuttles and transit buses. Implementation Schedule: 2016-2031
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